Contamination Status and Ecological Security Thresholds of Fluoride in Farmland around a Phosphorus Chemical Plant in a Karst Area of Southwestern China

The phosphorus chemical plant (PCP) production process leads to the substantial discharge of fluoride into surrounding environment. However, there is limited research data regarding pollution levels and ecological safety thresholds farmland around PCPs in karst areas. This study evaluates local contamination status health risks by determining content vegetables vicinity a PCP area Southwestern China. Farmland security threshold was derived based on species sensitivity distribution (SSD) model. Results showed that contents soil ranged from 529.36 1496.02 mg kg−1, with median value 823.93 which higher than national background China (478 kg−1) 172.37%. Fluoride 0.01 25.21 1.29 limits contaminants food (1 129.00%, 53.85% vegetable samples were contaminated. Leafy tendency enrichment compared non-leafy vegetables. Despite being no significant risk residents via intake overall, may be potential sweet potato leaves. Based SSD model, classified suitable for planting category (≤174.13 kg−1), safe utilization (174.13–4005.42 strict control (≥4005.42 kg−1). These findings will provide valuable insights facilitate cultivation agricultural products optimize resources.